(독서) Daily Stoic-9월11일 WHAT WOULD LESS LOOK LIKE?

"Here's a lesson to test your mind's mettle: take part of a week in which you have only the most meager and cheap food, dress scantly in shabby clothes, and ask yourself if this is really the worst that you feared. It is when times are good that you should gird yourself for tougher times ahead, for when Fortune is kind the soul can build defenses against her ravages. So it is that soldiers practice maneuvers in peacetime, erecting bunkers with no enemies in sight and exhausting themselves under no attack so that when it comes they won't grow tired."-SENECA, MORAL LETTERS, 18.5-6 ("여러분의 마음을 단련할 수 있는 교훈을 드리겠습니다. 가장 저렴하고 기본적인 음식을 먹으며, 낡고 허름한 옷을 입고, 이것이 정말로 여러분이 두려워했던 최악의 상황인지 스스로에게 물어보십시오. 상황이 좋을 때야말로 더 힘든 시기를 대비해야 하는 때입니다. 운이 좋을 때는 영혼이 그녀의 공격에 대비할 수 있도록 방어책을 세울 수 있습니다. 그래서 군인들은 평화 시에도 훈련을 하며, 적이 보이지 않을 때도 참호를 세우고, 공격이 없을 때도 지치지 않도록 스스로를 혹사시키며, 공격이 오면 지치지 않기 위해 미리 준비하는 것입니다."-세네카,도덕편지18.5-6)   What if you spent one day a month experiencing the effects of poverty, hunger, complete isolation, or any other thing you might fear? After the initial culture shock, it would start to feel normal and no longer quite so scary.   There are plenty of misfortunes one can practice, plenty of problems one can solve in advance. Pretend your hot water has been turned off. Pretend your wallet has been stolen. Pretend your cushy mattress was far away and that you have to sleep on the floor, or that your car was repossessed and you have to walk everywhere. Pretend you lost your job and need to find...

"But there is no reason to live and no limit to our miseries if we let our fears predominate."-SENECA, MORAL LETTERS, 13.12b ("하지만 만약 우리가 두려움을 지배하게 내버려 둔다면, 살 이유는 없고 고통에는 한계가 없을 것입니다." - 세네카, 도덕 편지, 13.12b)   In the early days of what would become known as the Great Depression, a new president named Franklin Delano Roosevelt was sworn in and gave his first inaugural address. As the last president to hold office before the Twentieth Amendment was ratified, FDR wasn't able to take office until March-meaning that the country had been without strong leadership for months. Panic was in the air, banks were failing, and people were scared.   You've probably heard the "nothing to fear but fear itself" sound bite that FDR gave in that famous speech, but the full line is worth reading because it applies to many difficult things we face in life:   "Let me assert my firm belief that the only thing we have to fear is fear itself nameless, unreasoning, unjustified terror which paralyzes needed efforts to convert retreat into advance."   The Stoics knew that fear was to be feared because of the miseries it creates. The things we fear pale in comparison to the damage we do to ourselves and others when we unthinkingly scramble to avoid them. An economic depression is bad; a panic is worse. A tough situation isn't helped by terror-it only makes things harder. And that's why we must resist it and reject it if we wish to turn this situation around.  대공황 초기, 프랭클린 델라노 ...

"No one is crushed by Fortune, unless they are first deceived by her...those who aren't pompous in good times, don't have their bubbles burst with change. Against either circumstance, the stable person keeps their rational soul invincible, for it's precisely in the good times they prove their strength against adversity." -SENECA, ON CONSOLATION TO HELVIA, 5.4b, 5b-6 (" 운명에 먼저 속지 않는 한, 운명에 의해 무너지는 사람은 없습니다...호황일 때 자만하지 않는 사람들은, 변화로 인해 그들의 거품이 터지지 않습니다. 그 어느 상황에서도, 안정된 사람은 그들의 이성적인 영혼을 불굴의 것으로 유지합니다. 이는 바로 호황일 때 역경에 맞서 그들의 강인함을 증명하는 순간이기 때문입니다." - 세네카, 헬비아에게 위로의 편지에서, 5.4b, 5b-6)   In 41 AD, Seneca was exiled from Rome to Corsica-for what exactly, we are not sure, but the rumors were that he had an affair with the sister of the emperor. Shortly afterward, he sent a letter to his mother seeking to reassure her and comfort her in her grief. But in many ways, he must have been speaking to himself as well-scolding himself a little for this unexpected twist he was taking pretty hard. He'd managed to achieve some measure of political and social success. He might have chased some pleasures of the flesh. Now he and his family were dealing with the consequences-as we all must bear for our behavior and for the risks we take.   How would he respond? How would he deal with it? Well, at the very...

"Consider who you are. Above all, a human being, carrying not greater power than your own reasoned choice, which oversees all other things, and is free from any other master."-EPICTETUS, DISCOURSES, 2.10.1 ("자신이 누구인지를 생각하십시오. 무엇보다도, 당신은 인간이며, 다른 어떤 것에도 지배받지 않고, 모든 것을 통제하는 당신 자신의 이성적 선택이라는 힘을 지니고 있습니다." - 에픽테토스, 담론집, 2.10.1)   The psychologist Viktor Frankl spent three years imprisoned in various concentration camps, including Auschwitz. His family and his wife had been killed, his life's work destroyed, his freedom taken from him. He quite literally had nothing left. Yet, as he discovered after much thought, he still retained one thing: the ability to determine what this suffering meant. Not even the Nazis could take that from him.   Further, Frankl realized that he could actually find positives in his situation. Here was an opportunity to continue testing and exploring his psychological theories (and perhaps revise them). He could still be of service to others. He even took some solace in the fact that his loved ones were spared the pain and misery that he faced daily in that camp.   Your hidden power is your ability to use reason and make choices, however limited or small. Think about the areas of your life where you are under duress or weighed down by obligation. ...

"You can bind up my leg, but not even Zeus has the power to break my freedom of choice."-EPICTETUS, DISCOURSES, 1.1.23 (당신은 내 다리를 묶을 수 있지만 제우스조차도 내 선택의 자유를 꺾을 힘은 없다."-에픽테토스, 담화, 1.1.23)   It was said that Epictetus walked with a permanent limp as a result of being chained up as a slave. Two thousand years later, James Stockdale also had his legs chained in irons (and his arms bound behind his back and pulled from the ceiling, repeatedly wrenching them from their sockets). Future senator John McCain was in that same prison, subjected to much of the same abuse. Because his father was famous, McCain was repeatedly offered by his captors a chance to abandon his men and be sent home early. He too held tightly to his freedom of choice, declining to submit to that temptation even though it meant a loss of the physical freedom he must have ached for.   None of these men broke. No one could make them sacrifice their ...